凉拌黄瓜ITer's Home

毫无疑问，丫现在有点拖延症，也就这2年，不知不觉之间就陷了进来。我的理解，拖延和无法专注有着相同的病根。

10年初的时候，我给自己立下的一个挑战自我的目标：不再拖沓。至今一直在努力，一直未大成。

转一篇关于拖延症的详文，一起努力，打败拖沓。

Procrastination: Ten Things To Know

There are many ways to avoid success in life, but the most sure-fire just might be procrastination. Procrastinators sabotage themselves. They put obstacles in their own path. They actually choose paths that hurt their performance.

Why would people do that? I talked to two of the world's leading experts on procrastination: Joseph Ferrari, Ph.D., associate professor of psychology at De Paul University in Chicago, and Timorthy Pychyl, Ph.D., associate professor of psychology at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. Neither one is a procrastinator, and both answered my many questions immediately.

1. Twenty percent of people identify themselves as chronic procrastinators. For them procrastination is a lifestyle, albeit a maladaptive one. And it cuts across all domains of their life. They don't pay bills on time. They miss opportunities for buying tickets to concerts. They don't cash gift certificates or checks. They file income tax returns late. They leave their Christmas shopping until Christmas eve.
1. 百分之二十的人认为自己是长期拖拉的人。对他们来说拖拉是一种生活方式，虽然并不适应它。这种状态充满了他们的生活。他们不能按时付帐单，他们忘了买音乐会的门票，他们直到圣诞前一天才去买礼物……

2. It's not trivial, although as a culture we don't take it seriously as a problem. It represents a profound problem of self-regulation. And there may be more of it in the U.S. than in other countries because we are so nice; we don't call people on their excuses ("my grandmother died last week") even when we don't believe them.
2. 拖拉并非不重要，虽然通常我们不把它当作一个严重问题。它其实是一个自我调节的深奥问题。通常我们都宽容别人拖拉的借口，这也是问题的根源。

3. Procrastination is not a problem of time management or of planning. Procrastinators are not different in their ability to estimate time, although they are more optimistic than others. "Telling someone who procrastinates to buy a weekly planner is like telling someone with chronic depression to just cheer up," insists Dr. Ferrari.
3. 拖拉并不是时间管理或者计划方面的问题。拖拉并不因个人对时间的估计能力而不同，虽然这些人会更乐观一些。Ferrari
博士强调说：“要一个拖拉的人做一个有计划的人，就像让一个长期消沉的人马上振奋起来一样。”

4. Procrastinators are made not born. Procrastination is learned in the family milieu, but not directly. It is one response to an authoritarian parenting style. Having a harsh, controlling father keeps children from developing the ability to regulate themselves, from internalizing their own intentions and then learning to act on them. Procrastination can even be a form of rebellion, one of the few forms available under such circumstances. What's more, under those household conditions, procrastinators turn more to friends than to parents for support, and their friends may reinforce procrastination because they tend to be tolerant of their excuses.
4. 拖拉不是天生的。它是从周围的人学来的，但并不直接。它可能来自强权的家教，拖拉甚至可能是一种反抗的形式。这种家庭环境下，朋友对拖拉者的宽容会助长这种习惯。

5. Procrastination predicts higher levels of consumption of alcohol among those people who drink. Procrastinators drink more than they intend to—a manifestation of generalized problems in self-regulation. That is over and above the effect of avoidant coping styles that underlie procrastination and lead to disengagement via substance abuse.
5. 拖拉的饮酒者会有更高的酒精需求量。拖拉的人会喝的更多，这是自我调节有问题的表现。

6. Procrastinators tell lies to themselves. Such as, "I'll feel more like doing this tomorrow." Or "I work best under pressure." But in fact they do not get the urge the next day or work best under pressure. In addition, they protect their sense of self by saying "this isn't important." Another big lie procrastinators indulge is that time pressure makes them more creative. Unfortunately they do not turn out to be more creative; they only feel that way. They squander their resources.
6. 拖拉的人对自己撒谎。比如“我更想明天做这件事”，或者“有压力我才能做好”，但实际上并非如此。拖拉者的另一个谎言是时间压力会让他们更有创造力，其实这只是他们的感觉而已，他们是在挥霍时间。

7. Procrastinators actively look for distractions, particularly ones that don't take a lot of commitment on their part. Checking e-mail is almost perfect for this purpose. They distract themselves as a way of regulating their emotions such as fear of failure.
7. 拖拉的人不断找消遣的事儿，特别是自己不需要承诺什么。查看电子邮件就是绝佳的目标，这样的事情成为他们调节情绪（比如害怕失败）的一个途径。

8. There's more than one flavor of procrastination. People procrastinate for different reasons. Dr. Ferrari identifies three basic types of procrastinators:
o arousal types, or thrill-seekers, who wait to the last minute for the euphoric rush.
o avoiders, who may be avoiding fear of failure or even fear of success, but in either case are very concerned with what others think of them; they would rather have others think they lack effort than ability.
o decisional procrastinators, who cannot make a decision. Not making a decision absolves procrastinators of responsibility for the outcome of events.
8. 拖拉并非一模一样。拖拉的人有不同的原因，Ferrari 博士定义了三种基本的拖拉者：

* 鼓励型，或者说找刺激型，他们盼着最后几分钟忙碌带来的快感

* 逃避型，他们回避失败的恐惧，甚至害怕成功，但实际上他们非常关心别人怎么看自己，他们更希望别人觉得他不够努力而不是能力不足。

* 决心型，他们没法下决心。不下决心就可以回避对应对事情的拖拉。

9. There are big costs to procrastination. Health is one. Just over the course of a single academic term, procrastinating college students had such evidence of compromised immune systems as more colds and flu, more gastrointestinal problems. And they had insomnia. In addition, procrastination has a high cost to others as well as oneself; it shifts the burden of responsibilities onto others, who become resentful. Procrastination destroys teamwork in the workplace and private relationships.
9. 拖拉带来的损失巨大。健康是其中之一，研究表明拖拉的人更容易患病。拖拉也影响人的情绪，也会破坏团队协作和人际关系。

10. Procrastinators can change their behavior—but doing so consumes a lot of psychic energy. And it doesn't necessarily mean one feels transformed internally. It can be done with highly structured cognitive behavioral therapy.
10. 拖拉会改变人的行为，但不会耗费多少精神力量。这并不意味着一个念头就能马上改变。这个问题可以通过高度规范的认知行为治疗来解决。
对行事拖拉的人进行劝诫就如同让抑郁症患者高兴起来那么困难。”法拉利教授认为，劝导对拖拉症患者来说作用微乎其微，关键还是要靠自己下定摆脱拖拉惯性的决心，这需要很大的精神动力才能完成。试着结合以下10个窍门，可能会更容易一些。记住，每达到其中一项，你就离成功进了一步。

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